Alternatives to P value: confidence interval and effect size

Alternatives to P value: confidence interval and effect size

The previous articles of the Statistical Round in the Korean Journal of Anesthesiology posed a strong enquiry on the issue of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST). P values lie at the core of NHST and are used to classify all treatments into two groups: "has a significant effect" or "does not have a significant effect." NHST is frequently criticized for its misinterpretation of relations...

How to obtain the P value from a confidence interval.

We have shown in a previous Statistics Note how we can calculate a confidence interval (CI) from a P value. Some published articles report confidence intervals, but do not give corresponding P values. Here we show how a confidence interval can be used to calculate a P value, should this be required. This might also be useful when the P value is given only imprecisely (eg, as P<0.05). Wherever t...

How to obtain the confidence interval from a P value.

Confidence intervals (CIs) are widely used in reporting statistical analyses of research data, and are usually considered to be more informative than P values from significance tests. 2 Some published articles, however, report estimated effects and P values, but do not give CIs (a practice BMJ now strongly discourages). Here we show how to obtain the confidence interval when only the observed e...

Relationship between the Confidence Interval and the p Value

Normal Distribution, "p" Value and Confidence Intervals.

W data is col lected, in order to make sense of it, the data needs to be organised in a manner which shows the various values and the frequencies at which these values have occurred, that is the “pattern that the values form after they are organised” and this is called a distribution. A distribution guides how raw data can be converted into meaningful information and also influences the choice ...